93 research outputs found
A new lattice measurement for potentials between static SU(3) sources
In this article, a new calculation of static potentials between sources of
different representations in SU(3) gauge group is presented. The results of
author's previous study \cite{Deld00} at the smallest lattice spacing
~ fm are shown to have been affected by finite volume effects.
Within statistical errors, the new results obtained here are still in agreement
with both, Casimir scaling and flux tube counting. There is also no
contradiction to the results obtained in Ref.~ \cite{Bali00} which however
exclude flux counting.Comment: To be published in EPJ
Interaction between multi components vortices at arbitrary distances using a variational method in the Ginzburg-Landau theory
We study the interaction between the vortices in multi components
superconductors based on the Jacobs and Rebbi variation method using
Ginzburg-Landau theory. With one condensation, we get attraction interaction
between the vortices for type I and repulsion for type II superconductors. With
two condensation states such as Mg B_{2} superconductors the behavior is quite
different. There is attraction at large distances and repulsion when the
vortices are close to each other. A stability point at distance
2.7/{\lambda}_{1} is obtained. In the case of three condensation states such as
iron based superconductors,we see different behavior depending on penetration
depth and correlation length. The formation energy of a vortex with three
condensation states is larger than the one with one condensation state with
comparable penetration and correlation length. We obtain two stability points
for the superconductors with three condensation states
Confinement and the second vortex of the SU(4) gauge group
We study the potential between static SU(4) sources using the Model of Thick
Center Vortices. Such vortices are characterized by the center elements
and . Fitting the ratios of string tensions to those
obtained in Monte-Carlo calculations of lattice QCD we get , where
is the probability that a vortex of type is piercing a plaquette.
Because of vortices of type two are overlapping vortices of type
one. Therefore, corresponds to the existence of an attractive force
between vortices of type one
Short distance potential and the thick center vortex model
The short distance potentials between heavy SU(3) and SU(4) sources are
calculated by increasing the role of vortex fluxes piercing Wilson loops with
contributions close to the trivial center element and by fluctuating the vortex
core size in the model of thick center vortices. By this method, a Coulombic
potential consistent with Casimir scaling is obtained. In addition, all other
features of the potential including a linear intermediate potential in
agreement with Casimir scaling and a large distance potential proportional to
the -ality of the representation are restored. Therefore, the model of thick
center vortices may be used as a phenomenological model, which is able to
describe the potential for all regimes.Comment: 9 pages and 6 figure
Monopoles, vortices and their correlations in SU(3) gauge group
Topological defects such as monopole, vortices and "chains"of the SU(3) gauge
group are studied using its SU(2) subgroups. Two appropriate successive gauge
transformations are applied to the subgroups to identify the chains of
monopoles and vortices. Using the fact that the defects of the subgroups are
not independent, the SU(3) defects and the Lagrangian are obtained and compared
with the ones provided by Cho decomposition method. By comparing the results
with the ones which have been obtained directly for the SU(3) gauge group, the
relation and possible interactions between the defects of the subgroups are
discussed.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figure
Static SU(3) potentials for sources in various representations
The potentials and string tensions between static sources in a variety of
representations (fundamental, 8, 6, 15-antisymmetric, 10, 27 and 15-symmetric)
have been computed by measuring Wilson loops in pure gauge SU(3). The
simulations have been done primarily on anisotropic lattices, using a tadpole
improved action improved to O(a_{s}^4). A range of lattice spacings (0.43 fm,
0.25 fm and 0.11 fm) and volumes (, , and ) has been used in an attempt to control
discretization and finite volume effects. At intermediate distances, the
results show approximate Casimir scaling. Finite lattice spacing effects
dominate systematic error, and are particularly large for the representations
with the largest string tensions.Comment: Version to appear in PR
Advanced magneto-optical microscopy: Imaging from picoseconds to centimeters - imaging spin waves and temperature distributions (invited)
© 2016 Author(s).Recent developments in the observation of magnetic domains and domain walls by wide-field optical microscopy based on the magneto-optical Kerr, Faraday, Voigt, and Gradient effect are reviewed. Emphasis is given to the existence of higher order magneto-optical effects for advanced magnetic imaging. Fundamental concepts and advances in methodology are discussed that allow for imaging of magnetic domains on various length and time scales. Time-resolved imaging of electric field induced domain wall rotation is shown. Visualization of magnetization dynamics down to picosecond temporal resolution for the imaging of spin-waves and magneto-optical multi-effect domain imaging techniques for obtaining vectorial information are demonstrated. Beyond conventional domain imaging, the use of a magneto-optical indicator technique for local temperature sensing is shown
Quark Confinement in Restricted SU(2) Gauge Theory
We apply Zwanziger formalism to Cho restricted theory to obtain the
potential in a static quark-antiquark pair. Cho restricted theory is a
self-consistent subset of a non-Abelian gauge theory which tries to
describe the infrared regime of Yang-Mills gauge theories. In Zwanziger
formalism, a local Lagrangian depending on two electric and magnetic gauge
fields is constructed for the theories where both electric and magnetic charges
exist. Based on this local Lagrangian the propagator and then the potential
between quarks is calculated in two limits: and , where is the mass of the dual gauge boson and is the
distance between the quark and the antiquark.Comment: 2 Figures, 15 pages, Version accepted for publication in PR
Cortical interaction of bilateral inputs is similar for noxious and innocuous stimuli but leads to different perceptual effects
The cerebral integration of somatosensory inputs from multiple sources is essential to produce adapted behaviors. Previous studies suggest that bilateral somatosensory inputs interact differently depending on stimulus characteristics, including their noxious nature. The aim of this study was to clarify how bilateral inputs evoked by noxious laser stimuli, noxious shocks, and innocuous shocks interact in terms of perception and brain responses. The experiment comprised two conditions (right-hand stimulation and concurrent stimulation of both hands) in which painful laser stimuli, painful shocks and non-painful shocks were delivered. Perception, somatosensory-evoked potentials (P45, N100, P260), laser-evoked potentials (N1, N2 and P2) and event-related spectral perturbations (delta to gamma oscillation power) were compared between conditions and stimulus modalities. The amplitude of negative vertex potentials (N2 or N100) and the power of delta/theta oscillations were increased in the bilateral compared with unilateral condition, regardless of the stimulus type (P < 0.01). However, gamma oscillation power increased for painful and non-painful shocks (P < 0.01), but not for painful laser stimuli (P = 0.08). Despite the similarities in terms of brain activity, bilateral inputs interacted differently for painful stimuli, for which perception remained unchanged, and non-painful stimuli, for which perception increased. This may reflect a ceiling effect for the attentional capture by noxious stimuli and warrants further investigations to examine the regulation of such interactions by bottom–up and top–down processes
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